FINAL TASK

DASAR-DASAR ILMU POLITIK

“The influence of Modern Imperialism on the Economic condition in Indonesia in the reform era”

Dr. Drs. Arry Bainus, M. A.

Created by :

Adi Putra M

170210120056

                              

                                     

                            

                             Department of International Relations

Faculty of Social and Political Sciences

Padjadjaran University

BANDUNG

              FOREWORD

                

                 I do not forget my utter praise and gratitude to God who is still continuing to provide opportunities, health and allow me to be constantly learning, so I can finish an essay entitled "The influence of modern imperialism on economic condition in Indonesia in the reform era" this well. I am also very grateful to Mr. Arry Bainus the lessons that have been given in class about my essay, so easier for me in terms of work and collecting data related to my topic this.

                 Today we can see how almost every sector in our country ruled by foreign entrepreneurs. Many foreign companies that conduct operations in the country of Indonesia. Not infrequently we see in certain areas dominated by foreign nations such as China and India. They perform activities to meet their needs and sell their products to the people of Indonesia itself. This phenomenon is still growing up now, where people of Indonesia are just comfortable with their presence and position in Indonesia. Indonesian society became dependent on the intervention they are doing to our country, especially in the field of economy.

                 Regarding the above, I have discussed how the development of foreign investors and what are the implications for Indonesia in the era of reform. I also realized that my essay was very far from perfection, and therefore I was expecting criticism and constructive suggestions to improve my writing.

                 I created this task with respect to the task who asked by our lecturer Fundamentals of Political Science,  Mr. Dr.Drs. Arry Bainus, in order to fulfill the duties and completeness of assessment in the college semester.

     So I opened my task,  may be useful.

Jatinangor, 9 Desember 2012

Writer

Abstract: 

                    Influence of Modern Imperialism against Indonesia in the Era of Economic Reform
           

                   Indonesia in the era of reform became one of the goals of the investors from other countries. Most foreign companies currently doing in our country is a foreign company. And most of the foreign companies more attractive to people our own country, from the original company of Indonesia. It is quite an impact on the economy in the country of Indonesia. Indonesia is a country of its positive impact getting a lot of new commodities, knowing the condition of the domestic economy, the labor charge, over the system, has International standard, and not another is international trade. Meanwhile, if we look at the negative side or tilt the impact for our country is that it is a manifestation of a form of modern imperialism is being done by the countries concerned. These countries are generally western countries such as Europe, America, and also from Asia alone, namely China, Japan, and Singapore. If we look at and scrutinize further, we'll see if it turns out the above mentioned countries are actually expanding the power in the economy and trying to get the benefits and the potential we have for the interests of their country in general. The implications for our own country is the emergence of a monopoly, which tends to economic capitalist, because of the belief that high dependency to the role of the state. Indonesian state itself has a free and active politics. On one side of the country to free itself out and give effect to the other countries. But the irony is that in fact the Indonesian state itself can not escape from the influence of bound and even other countries. Moreover, supported by the current era of globalization, there are no limits anymore, technological advances resulting in higher competition. As a developing country, Indonesia still relies heavily on some countries that had been mentioned above for survival within the state itself.

LIST OF CONTENTS

COVER .............................................................................................................................. 1

FOREWARD ..................................................................................................................... 2

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... 3

PREFACE .......................................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER I  INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 5

            I.1. Background Issues................................................................................ 5

            I.2. Problem Identification .......................................................................... 5

            I.3. Limitation of Problem .......................................................................... 6

            I.4. Aims and Objectives ............................................................................ 6

            I.5. Methodology......................................................................................... 7

CHAPTER II    LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................................... 8

                II.1 Capitalism ............................................................................................. 9

                II.2 Imperialism............................................................................................ 9

                II.3 Mopolism............................................................................................. 11

                II.4 Indonesian Reform Era........................................................................ 12

                II.5 Economic System................................................................................ 12

                II.6 Power................................................................................................... 12

                II.7 Cooperations and International Relations........................................... 13..

                II.8 Globalization ....................................................................................... 13

                II.9 Nasionalism.......................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER III  DISCUSSION OF ISSUES.................................................................... 13

III.1 Analysis..................................................................................................................... 17

            III.1.1 Imperialism in Indonesia................................................................ 17

                       III.1.1.1. Cause Capitalism as the beginning of Imperialism in Indonesia        17

                       III.1.1.2. Foreign companies play an important role in Indonesia.. 18

                       III.1.1.3.The Positif Impact of Imperialism in Indonesia............... 18

                       III.1.1.4. The negatif Impact of Imperialism in Indonesia............. 20

            III.1.2  Indonesia’s goverment Policy in Reform era................................ 20

                III.1.2.1. Policy made ​​by President BJ Habibie..............................20

                       III.1.2.2. Policy made ​​by President Abdurrahman Wahid............. 21

                       III.1.2.3. Policy made ​​by President Megawati Soekarnoputri........ 22

                       III.1.2.4. Policy made ​​by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. 23

III.1.3 General impact on relations between Indonesia and other countries in International 24

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS..................................................................................... 26

            IV.1. Conclusions ..................................................................................... 26

            IV.2. Suggestions ...................................................................................... 26

REFERENCES..................................................................................................................28

         

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background Isue

                   Indonesia started since the reform era presidential administration BJ.Habibie president after replacing the previous president in the new order, the president Suharto. In this era, the government is working to improve all areas that previously had a lot of problems during the reign of President Suharto. In particular in the field of economics, he seeks to maneuver sharp enough in the economy, which preferred policies to control political stability. But seeing as his goverment  also only for 1.5 years, not much progress successfully. Until the reign of President Wahid was then taking part in government of the Republic of Indonesia as president. No significant action to save the country from chaos. In fact, there are many economic problems inherited the new order should be dealt with, among other issues KKN (corruption, collusion and nepotism), economic recovery, the performance of BUMN, control inflation and maintain the rupiah. In fact, the president Bruneigate scandal that toppled his credibility in the eyes of the public. As a result, his position was replaced by Megawati[1].

                   At the moment there are several Megawati government policies adopted in various fields. One is the "privatization". Privatization is selling state enterprises in the period of crisis in order to protect a state from intervening political forces and reduce the burden on the state. Proceeds successfully raised Indonesia's economic growth to 4.1%. However, the policy has sparked a lot of controversy, because the privatized BUMN sold to foreign companies. At the time of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) associated with the policy pursued by Megawati, the President himself made a similar policy in the field of economics, which facilitate the entry of foreign investors into the country of Indonesia to operate and invest. Until finally even now, there are many foreign companies that we can see up and running in the country of Indonesia[2].

I.2 Problem Identification

                   Based on the description above, we can see that in the era of reform is a great opportunity for foreign companies to operate in our country. There will be positive and negative effects that we have actually experienced and felt during this time. Positive impact is also very large, but we can not turn a blind eye to the negative impacts brought by the opening of our country on foreign companies such as this would lead to capitalism and imperialism.

       Therefore, as for the identification / formulation of the problem which I took for a discussion of this paper is as follows;

1. What is imperialism and how the process of emergence according to the experts?
2. What are the positive and negative effects of imperialism itself?
3. How many and how big the influence of foreign companies in Indonesia on Indonesian state?
4. What is the influence of the presence of foreign firms on their home countries?
5. Any company in Indonesia and what the role of each company in Indonesia?

I.3 Limitation Problems

                   Imperialism itself has existed since time immemorial, that imperialism was actually the cutting edge of capitalism. Imperialism has made ​​the countries in Europe to our country since time immemorial when they begin to expand in the area of ​​our own nation. Both politically and economically, in fact since time immemorial we have such an advanced object of imperialism.
                   Imperialism by western nations in general we can learn in the history of Indonesia conducted by countries that were involved in control and colonize Indonesia, including English, Dutch, Spanish, and Portuguese themselves. Although the end of the longest did imperialism is the Dutch state was followed by Japan.

                   In this case, we will not discuss how the influence of imperialism that once made ​​against the Indonesian state, but I will only discuss how modern imperialism Sevara it still happening today in our country. Major influences that we can within our country, whether it is positive or negative influence. I limited this study also was limited to modern imperialism that occurred in this era of reform. Where is the reform era of the New Order era berakhirnyan could make chaotic state In donesia itself, and how it relates on berikunya leaders who hold a government and then hold an important role in the process of imperialism.

I.4 Aims and Objectives

            I.4.1 The expected goal through writing is, namely

Ø  understand and describe the ethical and normative basis of modern Imperialism

Ø  Analyze and determine the impact of modern imperialism that still exist in the country of Indonesia in the era of modern imperialism reformasi

Ø  Making analysis that still exist in the country of Indonesia from the view of the experts.

1.4.2 The benefits of this paper is as follows, namely;

Ø  As one of the requirements to fulfill the final project course Fundamentals of Political Science semester

Ø  Understanding how to make a scientific paper in the analysis of a political issue

Ø  Making analysis and personal view on isue

I.5 Methodology

                   The study was categorized as a purely qualitative research and literature (library research) using theory analysis experts from various literature sources. Qualitative methods we use this time using an interactive approach, namely, ethnography, khasus studies, basic theory, and critical studies. In addition I also use a non-interactive approach, the analysis of concepts and historical analysis.

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE RIVIEW

II.1 Capitalism

                   Why are we even discussing here about capitalism, imperialism because it was born from the advance of capitalism. Lenin succinctly explains that imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism. What is meant by Lenin is that imperialism is capitalism in this period today. From here it is clear that the struggle against imperialism can not be separated from the struggle against capitalism. Capitalism was born when the feudal system was a barrier to the development of human productive forces.

 Feudalism with land-based modes of production slowly to compete with the mode of production-based manufacturing plant, which is much more productive. New strength born of the feudal society, the merchant classes and capitalists. It is they who ultimately toppled the feudal society strangling them because feudal society-democratic and conservative is a hindrance to the development of capitalism requires freedom in all aspects of life: political, economic, social, and science[3].

                   The progress of science is essential for the development of the technology required by the mode of production of manufactures who use the machines. Under feudalism, the natural sciences and science strangled because of the monarchy and the church is a major political force - feel threatened his position. Science teaches the laws of logic, which can not attack the doctrine of the Church that there is a supernatural being up there that gives absolute power to one or two people. This is why in the history of the bourgeois-democratic revolution - the capitalist revolution - we meet all scientists and science is on the side of the revolution.[4]

                   A key feature of capitalism is competition between capitalist free. Only by continuing to compete, the capitalists to develop the technology. Those who do not continue to innovate will lose. This is why capitalism is much more progressive than feudalism, as it continues to grow. Feudal system of government is based on a system of absolute kesewang-handedness. The position is determined by heredity (from a noble family which he came), and not by his personal success. There is no rule of law on the rights of a resident basis. There is no democracy. There is no legal protection. It just was not conducive to capitalism, so it takes a democratic republic[5].

Capitalism is an economic system that emphasizes the role of capital (capital), the richness in all kinds, including items used in the production of other goods (Good, 1996). Ebenstein (1990) refer to capitalism as a social system as a whole, more than just economic system. He linked the development of capitalism as part of the individualism. While Hayek (1978) saw capitalism as the embodiment of liberalism in the economy. Capitalist system, according to Ebenstein (1990), began to develop in England in the 18th century AD and then spread to the Northwest Europe and North America. Adam Smith's famous treatise, called The Wealth of Nations (1776), is recognized as a major milestone of classical capitalism that expresses the idea of ​​laissez faire economics[6].

                   Besides that capitalism needs a national market with the laws of the same trade. Under feudalism, every city and region has its own rules and its own tax, so it is difficult for the merchants. There is a small kings in each city is a parasite, which acted arbitrarily. Capitalism that is expansive and dynamic can not be constrained by the rigid feudal framework. Formation of the nation state is therefore also a major task of the bourgeois-democratic revolution, for the formation of a national market. State of the nation is a new phenomenon in human history. In the era of feudalism, not the people to serve the nation but to the nobles, cities, and regions[7].

                   Although Indonesia is not a system of state capitalism, but the implementation itself, we also implement the state capitalist economy. For example PT.Freeport given its own power for the holder of the Contract of Work (CoW), such as PT Freeport Indonesian and PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara, from mineral export duty obligations which is effective at the beginning of May 2012 and, where this is done on an ongoing constantly renegotiate way. Renegotiate managed through a very complicated stage. This is because there is no government intervention explicitly and directly in taking a firm decision will contract the work[8].

II.2 Imperialism

                   This theory was first put forward by Herb Schiller in 1973. Schiller first paper that formed the basis for the emergence of this theory is the Communication and Cultural Domination. Cultural imperialism theory states that Western nations dominate the media around the world. It will also mean, the Western mass media also dominate the mass media in the third world. The reason, the Western media has a powerful effect on influencing third world media. The Western media is very impressive for the media in the third world. So they want to emulate the culture that emerged through the media. In the perspective of this theory, when a process of imitation media developing countries from developed countries, then came the destruction of native cultures in a third country[9].

Western culture has produced almost all of the majority of the world's mass media, such as movies, news, comics, photos and more. Why they could dominate like that? First, they have money. With the money they would be able to do whatever it takes to produce a wide range of offerings required media. Even the Western media has been developed capitalist. In other words, the Western media has developed into the industry is also concerned with profit. Secondly, they have the technology. With modern technology that they have allowed the mass media presentation produced better, convincing and "as real". If you've ever watched the movie Titanic was the impression of the Titanic is actually there, but it all does not exist. Even when the ship finally hit the iceberg and sank, the passengers as the ship was like swimming in the sea, but all of it was superficial. All can be done with computer technology as a real incident. All that can be realized because the Western countries have modern technology[10].

                   Imperialism has been done by western nations against the Indonesian state since time immemorial. Imperialism is basically divided into two types namely imperialism, ancient and modern imperialism. Ancient imperialism aims to acquire precious metals (gold), to get the nation's glory (glory), and spread the teachings of the gospel (gospel). While modern imperialism aims to Getting the marketing of the industrial area, get a local producer of raw materials or raw materials, and get local investment[11].

                   Modern Imperialism motivated by economic interests imperal State. Modern imperialism is done by mastering other countries as a source of raw materials and the marketing of industrial products. In this discussion, I mean imperal countries are western countries like Europe and America, and Asian countries like Japan and China alone that have more influence on the economy of Indonesia.

                   In the opinion of Kautsky, Imperialism is a product of a highly developed industrial capitalism. Imperialism is the desire of every industrial capitalist countries to control or colonize all areas of agrarian area, no matter which country is occupied. Kautsky refers especially - and repeatedly - to the English writer who, according to him, has given purely political meaning to the word "imperialism" in the sense that he, Kautsky, understand[12].

                   We take the work by Hobson, a British writer, titled Imperialism, published in 1902, he wrote that the definition of imperialsme;

The new imperialism different from the old: first, the new imperialism replace the imperial ambitions of a single with the theory and practice of empires competing, each of them motivated by the desire of political pomp and similar commercial income, secondly, the financial dominance against the interests of trade or investment[13].

                   So based on the explanation of the theory, the modern form of imperialism today is the importance of trade and no unreal nature to colonize or dominate a certain area. However, the nature of modern imperialism of how to dominate the market, expanding the market that can be mastered (imperialism), conquering market share, made ​​subject to other nations. And also in control of the economy of other nations. It is a manifestation of imperialism. Today's modern imperialism was strongly supported by factors like globalization, resulting in easy all things to come, aided by the media is now more sophisticated and there is no limit to one another.

II.3 Monopolism

                   The reason why I put monopolisme theory in this case is that imperialism is closely associated with monopolisme. Monopolisme stage of capitalism is higher, in which individuals are likely to have the freedom to innovate, always trying improves innovation, lower prices, and make it the very tight competition. Until in the end there is only one or a few companies are able to survive, and that's what the mopolisme. When one party is in one state summit and conquer the other hand, where the parties (in this case the imperial state) who tended to dominate the rest of the economy. So mopolisme also very closely related to imperialism[14].

                   Monopolism itself is an action or stance taken by way of the market with its own (monopolism), the monopolism strives to make consumers and the buyers are just sticking to him alone, and also all those layers of society and subject to him because they need it.
Monopolism  market is a market where there is only one seller and only one material sold, where the material is needed society in general. So like it or not society should buy from that company. That's to be expected by those who held a monopoly. When all people subject to him, master them, exploit them, and trying to make them look her own. That way, he will become a ruler, single, and control others. This is the nature monopolism and almost similar to imperialism.

II.4 Era Reform in Indonesia

                   The reform era in Indonesia is a period when the reign of the new order is found replaced by the existing and the new government. Although the end result is not so significan feel expected changes in many fields previously undergone many destroy the New Order era. Reformation is an overall change in various fields such as economics, politics, law and many other fields[15]. Indonesia's reform started in 1998 by President BJ Habibie, who slowly make changes in various fields. After a reign of only 1.5 years, and then he was replaced by presiiden Abdurahman Wahid, Megawati, and the last by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, which still holds the mandate as head of state and head of government of the Republic of Indonesia.

II.5 Indonesia Economic System

                   Indonesia adopts economic system Pancasila economy. This means that the economic system in Indonesia should refer to and based on the five precepts of the Pancasila. Thus normatively basic economic system in Indonesia is the Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. Economic system where the application execution in Indonesia should not deviate from the precepts of Pancasila and the provisions contained in the 1945[16]

II.6 Power

                   I put this concept related to how each country did a tremendous influence to dominate other countries. And vice versa, how Suau country to survive and influence other countries to refrain from imperialism against his own country. Power can be said to be exercised Whenever A gets B to do something that B would not otherwise have done. However, A B can be influenced in various ways. This Allows us to distinguish between different dimensions of power. Such as, Power as desicion-making, as agenda setting power, and that power as a thught control[17].

II.7. Cooperation and International relations

                   As we know that a country can not live without having a relationship and help from other countries. Including the state will not be able to stand and independent if it does not get recognition from other nations as a sovereign and independent country, it is recognized internationally that can support the independence of a country's relevant. International co-operation will continue if the relationship between the state has in abundance internasional, whether bilateral, multilateral, and relationships concerning international relations.

II.8 Globalization       

                   Globalization is a word that is not familiar to us. Relations between countries are interdependent, complementary, effect of one country or several countries in trade universally, be very closely related to globalization that we hear so far.

                   Globalization is the process by which social relationships and interdependence between countries and between people is becoming increasingly limitless. Meanwhile, according to Soemardjan Selo, Globalization is the establishment of a communication between organizations and communities around the world to follow the system and rules - the same rules. Globalization occurs in the field of information, economics, and culture. It has long been touting the Indonesian government - heralding of globalization itself. With the expectations of society and industry players are ready to face all the impact of globalization, especially the influence of globalization on economic development in Indonesia[18].

      

            Teori of Globalization

                        The following globalization theory is the theory of globalization articles globalization theory - the theory of globalization that followed the globalists believe that globalization is a reality that has real consequences for how people and institutions around the world running. They believe that states and local culture will be lost buffeted by global economic and cultural homogeneity[19].

                        Even so, the globalists do not have the same opinion about the consequences of the process, and the Cochrane Pain confirmed that in relation to globalization, there is a theoretical position that can be seen, the:

1. The globalist positive and optimistic respond well to such developments and stated that globalization will result in a tolerant society and responsible world.
2. The globalist pessimistic that globalization is a negative phenomenon because it is actually a form of western colonialism (especially the United States) which forced a number of forms a homogeneous culture and consumption and is seen as something that is right on the surface. Some of them an established steering group to oppose globalization (globalization).
3. The traditionalists do not believe that globalization is happening. They argue that this phenomenon is a myth or, if they exist, have been exaggerated. They refer that capitalism has become an international phenomenon for hundreds of years. What we have today is an advanced stage, or evolution, of the production and trade of capital.
4. The transformasionalis were among the globalist and traditionalist. They agreed that the impact of globalization has been greatly exaggerated by the globalists. However, they also argue that it is foolish to deny the existence of this concept[20].

II.9. Nasionalism

                          

               Nationalism is a very strong feeling of loving the homeland. This feeling can usually be shown on how much sacrifice we give to our homeland. Nationalism is a political attitude of the people of a nation who share a common culture, and the region as well as in common ideals and goals, thus a nation's people feel a deep loyalty to the nation itself.

               According to Louis Snyder nationalism is a mixture of ideas that contains the factors of political, economic, social and cultural rights to some extent so it blends in a period of history. According to Otto Bouer understand nationalism emerged by the similarity of attitudes and behavior in the fight for the same fate.Two recent figures have the same opinion that the nationalism of a nation born out of the human factor. Nationalism is understood initially the principal elements of nationalism consists of fraternal blood / ancestry, ethnicity, residence, religion, language and culture. Then changed with the entry of two elements, namely equality to each person to hold equality in society and the common interest in the economic field[21].

Fundamental aspects of the emergence of nationalism is the historical aspect. Through historical aspects of a nation usually have a sense of kinship suffer and hope to reach a better future. Thus, nationalism is the political and social attitudes of a group of people who share a common culture, territory, goals and ideals.Nationalism as a historical event, it is always contextual, so that nationalism in a region to the other or between days are not the same. For example, for a country that had long independence, nationalism can lead to imperialism. Usually conservative nationalism. For a country such as this will complicate the emergence of nationalism in the colony areas. While the country still shackled imperialism colonized nationalism are revolutionary and progressive. Thus nationalism is loaded with the interests of the nation. Growth and development of nationalism is strongly influenced by the dominant group embraced nationalism of a nation. Ultransionalisme movement is embodied in the form of mastering another nations. For example, the Dutch were colonizing Indonesia, the British who colonized India and so on[22].      

                           In addition to the movement ultransionalisme, nationalism can also lead to chauvinism, that understanding which considers itself as the nation's best. On one hand, nationalism would give a strong confidence. Example of Germany at the time was ruled Adolf Hitler[23].

               The meaning of  nationalism, according to the experts.

1. Joseph Ernest Renan dari Prancis (1822–1892)

                    Nation is a group of people who have the will to come together because they have the same fate and suffering in the past and they have the same ideals about the future. Equations of the past and a desire to meet the next day that is what brought them together in a group and create a sense of nationhood[24]

2. Mohammad Yamin (Indonesia)

                    Nation is a group of people united by a common history (feeling of shared and sepenanggungan), language equality and equality law (customary law and culture)[25].

3. Otto Bauer (German, 1882-1939)

                    Nation is a unity of temperament that arise because of the unity of fate. Thus, the nation is a group of people who have similarities characters grow because of the similarity of fate. United passion driven by a common history and ideals of the people who inhabit it directs a particular area to become a nation, which is in development to be one element of the formation of the state. Previously, people found that the nation can only be established by a society which originated from a common ancestry, the same customs. However, that opinion has not been established as the only correct opinion. Because of the fact, there are nations who successfully established based on the diversity of cultural and ethnic patterns. For example, the United States and also the nation of Indonesia. Both of these nations made ​​up of diverse ethnic, cultural, religious, ethnic, etc., but it can still manifest itself as a nation. With the motto "Unity in Diversity", Indonesia managed to manifest itself as a nation that happily[26].

CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION OF ISSUES

III.1 Analysis

III.1.1 Imperialism in Indonesia

                 As has been previously opened a little explanation, that imperialism itself is already happening in the country and Indonesia since the first, since the beginning of western nations such as Spain, Portugal, Britain, and the Netherlands came to the country of Indonesia.

III.1.1.1 Cause Capitalism as the beginning of Imperialism in Indonesia

                 Indonesia is one of the countries in Asia are the most desired by European countries. This is because the Indonesian people who are famous for rich spices. The arrival of the Portuguese in 1511 and Spain in 1521 was due to the  Maluku. Maluku region rich in spices, which spices are very expensive when sold in Europe. This is because as a spice can be processed into medicines, food ingredients, and many more. So it is with the UK and the Netherlands.

                 Dutch arrived in Indonesia in 1596 and England in 1811, also because Indonesia is rich in spices and a very rich resource, with the potential to get a lot of produce from Indonesia. But in the end the Dutch who had mastered Indonesian region for centuries and managed taking various wealth of Indonesia, Indonesia proclaimed its independence until its own. Another motive is actually done by the western states are spread Christianity (God theory) and also expand the power (the theory of Glory). They believe with their conquered regions of Indonesia, then they will be more bebasa exploit Indonesia's own homeland[27].

                 The arrival of the Japanese nation itself began in 1942. On March 1, 1942, before sunrise, the Japanese began landing in three places on the island of Java, namely in Banten, Indramayu, and Apec, each with a power of about one division. Initially, the primary mission of landing Japanese are finding material for the war. The landing was in fact greeted with enthusiasm by the people of Indonesia. The arrival of Japan gives new hope to the people of Indonesia who had now put hatred against the Dutch. Then the Japanese Self freedom promising for Indonesia, but in the end their own success while mastering Indonesia[28].

     III.1.1.2 foreign companies play an important role in Indonesia.

                 Today we can see so many foreign companies operating in Indonesia. For example in the field of electronics that mobile phone companies like Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Blackberry, and also various other gadgets. In the automotive sector, foreign companies dominate enough in Indonesia, just call the company Astra Daihatsu Motor, Suzuki, Toyota, Honda, Isuzu, and Nissan. For fields such as Unilever detergent face, clear shampoo, Pantene, Sunsilk, and much more. In addition, there are many more like PT Astra International (managing automobile and motorcycle industry), PT Ghobel Dharma Nusantara (managing industrial electronic devices), PT Indomobil (managing the automobile industry), and so on. As examples of foreign companies such as PT Freeport Indonesia Company (the company that manages the U.S. copper mining in Papua, Irian Jaya), PT Exxon Company (American company that manages oil drilling), PT Caltex Indonesia (a Dutch company that manages the petroleum mining in some places in Indonesia), and so on[29].

                 For the plantations themselves, we also have a lot of land controlled by foreigners. For example, Wilmar International Group (singapore) has a land area of ​​85,000 hectares, Hindoli-Cargill (USA) has a land area of ​​63,455 hectares, Sipef Group (Belgium) has a land area of ​​30,922 hectares. The data is only an example, there are many other foreign companies that dominate oil palm plantations in Indonesia. Currently, foreign companies already have 40 million hectares of land in Indonesia that will be planted with oil palm[30]. While oil palm plantation people are often marginalized, and often conflict with foreign companies, especially with the Malaysian company. There are  many other foreign companies that already dominate the world Indonesia, and in almost all fields, their product of choice. We Can not be denied is that their products have better quality than the original product Indonesia itself.

III.1.1.3 The positive impact of the number of foreign companies in Indonesia

                

                 Effect of the foreign companies mentioned above are very large for the people of Indonesia itself. With the presence of these companies, the various needs of the people of Indonesia are met. Especially with the Indonesian public consumersm new items of interest, making the number of foreign firms in the country of Indonesia which conducts its operations. That way, the public desires to consume the goods are met. Actually, it is not native to Indonesia there are companies that can provide the desired goods, however, the quality of the goods sold by foreign companies tend to be better than the goods produced by the original company of Indonesia itself. Suppose electronic goods such as mobile phones. Obviously everyone recognizes that qualiaty of Nokia mobile phone or blackberry who made ​​by foreign companies rather than the quality of D-One mobile phone made ​​in Indonesia alone. Indonesia might need to clean up and a lot to learn from foreign countries such as Europe, Japan, China, the U.S., and other countries are also operating in the country of Indonesia[31].

                 In addition to meeting the needs of the Indonesian people themselves, many sources also noted the number of revenue received by the state of the foreign investments in the country of Indonesia.

    

JAKARTA. The crisis did not stop the planned investment in the telecommunications and electronics industry this year. Just look at the data the Department of Industry (Industry) noted, there are five foreign companies to invest in Indonesia. Valued at U.S. $ 153 billion. They are two investors from South Korea, Yuwon with U.S. $ 10 million, and PT Samsung electronics Indonesia worth U.S. $ 100 million. Others are companies from Taiwan and China, the kettle Machinery and electronic Corp. Ltd. with an investment of U.S. $ 25 million, Changhong Electronic Corp with an investment of U.S. $ 8 million and TCL Corp with an investment of U.S. $ 10 million.[32]

                

                 In addition the company PT chevron whose first name is PT. Caltex Pacific Indonesia.PT is engaged in oil and gas sector. PT is operating in Riau Province (Sumatra) with 4 core areas, namely: Rumbai, Minas, Duri, and Dumai. Chevron Indonesia greatly affect the country's economy proved stronger our economy. Entering 2012, Chevron is working optimally. But this time Chevron has cost the state no less than U.S. $ 14 million. This led to the country experiencing inflation. Losses that hit the country could be a lesson for the future, especially for the government of our country[33].

                 So it can be said that the existence of the company - foreign company regardless of the motives which, however, its benefit for the people of Indonesia itself. In addition to increase foreign exchange, the presence of these companies also opened the new job, unemployment cover, and also accelerate the transfer of technology.

III.1.1.4 The negative impact of the number of foreign companies in Indonesia

                                    Behind myriad positive impact felt by the Indonesian people in the existence of companies and foreign investors in the country of Indonesia, there are many negative effects that greatly impact the Indonesian state itself. If we implied earlier Lenin's theory of imperialism is that Indonesia is becoming imperialism practices from countries that influenced in operation in the country of Indonesia. Imperialism was conducted in soft, where the impact is felt by the Indonesian people themselves are very slow process, but it definitely brings a negative current to the people of Indonesia itself.

                        In concrete terms, the negative impact can be described as follows.

·      The dissolution some companies native country of Indonesia. This is caused by the inability of the company to offset competition from foreign-company 'in their own country Indonesia

·      The heavy dependence on other countries. Call it like oil from the earth we dig themselves out of the land of our wealth. However we send to other countries for processing and then we buy it back after the oil is ready for use.

·      Mentally we were colonized by other nations. Imperialism by the imperial state was successfully hit the target and exploit us as consumtive of the results of their production.

·      Pollution and environmental damage

·      The function is over land

·      The nature of Indonesian society increasingly consumerist and high dependency

III.1. 2 Indonesian government policy

                      The reform era started in 1998 looked at after the revelation of President Soeharto administration of bench time. Then the head of government was replaced by President BJ Habibie as alternate to date. Following the performance of the President of the Republic of Indonesia in relation to the affairs of foreign companies operating in the country of Indonesia.

III.12.1. policy made ​​by President BJ Habibie

                    President BJ Habibie, who immediately replaced the administration of President Suharto in 1998 to launch an alteration in various fields such as politics, economics, law and other fields. In practice, however, its performance is not run optimally because not long after he was soon dropped from the government and was replaced by President Wahid.

                    In the economic recovery, the government managed to significantly curb inflation and monetary fluctuations than at the beginning of the crisis. On August 21, 1998 the government froze the operational National Commercial Bank, Modern Bank, and Bank Dagang Nasional Indonesia. Then at the beginning of next year to liquidate the government back 38 private banks, 7 banks taken over by the government and 9 bank recap program[34]

                    In short tenure he plays makes it not so much for improvement in all areas, including in the field of foreign countermeasures. that still exist in Indonesia. Not seen clearly the role that he did. What is certain is that Indonesia still has a good relationship international for other countries internationally.

III.1.2.2 policy made ​​by President H.Abdurahman Wahid

                    The election of President Abdurrahman Wahid to be triggered also the Assembly's refusal to consolidated BJ Habibie, On October 20, 1999, the Assembly got together and started a new president. Abdurrahman Wahid was elected as the President of Indonesia for-4 with 373 votes. Trobosan Gusdur do much to lift minorities. For example: allow the celebration of Chinese New Year which is prohibited under Suharto, asked that the MPR-Leninism maxsisme violations, revoked. It is quite controversial, because in the Soeharto era, PKI (associated with maxsisme-Leninism) is discolored. With open justice in the minority, Gus Dur antarawarga shows the similarity degree. In the very short term, Gus Dur frequently visits abroad with the aim to improve Indonesia's image in the eyes of the world as well as an opportunity for cooperation with the countries he visits[35].
                    Gusdur also make peace with Israel. Gus Dur is the upholding of religious freedom, stressing that Islam should not be looking at everything that smells of the West is a mistake. Working closely with Israel does not mean hate or disarm Palestinian support[36].

III.1.2.3 development policy made ​​by President Megawati

                    As the first woman president in the country of Indonesia, Megawati Soekarno Putri also simply make the changes in various fields. One is Stabilizing macroeconomic fundamentals include inflation, the central bank rate, economic growth, exchange rate against the dollar, the poverty rate[37]. Indonesia managed to get out of the IMF in 2003 which indicates Indonesia is already out of the economic crisis that occurred in 1998 and Indonesia are more independent. Foreign policy more independent and active among the condemned military aggression that made the U.S. into Iraq and refused U.S. requests to turn over to the U.S. Abu Bakar Baasyir. At the moment there are several Megawati government policies adopted in various fields. One is the "privatization". Privatization is selling state enterprises in the period of crisis in order to protect a state from intervening political forces and reduce the burden on the state. Proceeds successfully raised Indonesia's economic growth to 4.1%. However, the policy has sparked a lot of controversy, because the privatized BUMN sold to foreign companies[38].

                    In the first half of his reign, the Megawati administration had sold seven SOEs are still actively filling the piggy bank Rp 3.5 trillion per year. Indosat, Kimia Farma, Indofarma, Indocement, Bukit Asam Coal Mine, Angkasa Pura II and Wisma Nusantara auctioned that year. Furthermore, the Megawati administration also sell telecommunications company Country: Telkom. The current government is justified in sales for overdrawn patch the State Budget. Sales PT Indosat and Telkom the highlights of the community. With a positive outlook for the telecommunications industry in Indonesia, the two giant companies that could bring benefits galore. Imagine, shares of both companies were never jump to $ 26.740 trillion. Unfortunately that just to pocket profits Temasek, Singapore's state controlled Indosat and Telkom. Various other strategic state-owned shares were sold diera Megawati. Call it the National Gas Company stock sales of Rp 7.34 trillion, exceeded the original target of Rp 6.5 trillion. The privatization of Bank Mandiri with a value of Rp 2.5 trillion and Bank Rakyat Indonesia Rp 2.5 trillion[39].

                    No less than Rp 6 trillion per year the money is expected to come in Megawati's government from the sale of shares owned. Admiral is like chasing payment. Unfortunately, there is the speculation, the deposit is not only channeled to the state budget alone, but also to a number of other accounts. What is clear, many state-owned sales, for example, in the case of Indosat, which then carried out at random.

                    By doing privatization, we can see that President Megawati very open opportunities for foreign investors to invest and operate companies in Indonesia. It is evident there are many foreign companies that start up in Indonesia during the rule of Megawati Soekarno Putri. GOI policy to sell the assets of State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN) can be used as a platform to bleaching corruption by conglomerates involved in corruption. If such assets are moved into foreign hands, the government no longer has the full authority to deal with these assets[40].

                    Therefore, the corruptors who once had a stake in it to be freed from the bondage of the law. In addition, outside investors also have a strong enough relief to get into the world of foreign companies. The new entrepreneur can not be interfered with by the government to continue to innovate and expand their efforts to achieve personal gain as well as the principles of capitalism itself. Where does this lead to imperialism conducted by foreigners who continue to expand their territory in achieving benefit of their company. The native became a regular employee and outside the host in the negars Indonesia itself.

III.1.2.4 policy made ​​by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

                        As the first president to be elected directly by the people at the Election 2004, SBY is already trying to do a lot of changes in the condition of the country before he was in power.

JAKARTA: President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono gave a positive signal related to the opening of the faucet property ownership policy for foreign nationals in the country. The President said the demand for Real Estate Companies Association of Indonesia (REI) need to be responded by the Minister of Housing to develop appropriate policies and regulations to address the rules that block. "If foreign ownership is not considered host our own country and not memikirka people.'s No way the state, it is not possible REI propose something that does not give priority to our national interests. Then the parties must be thinking to develop policies and regulations pro-, "he said in a national working meeting REI 2012[41].

                   

                    President alone provide convenience to foreigners to invest in Indonesia. In other words, the President is very open to foreign investors also conducting their operations in the country of Indonesia. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) said that Indonesia opened the doors wide for foreign companies seeking business opportunities in Indonesia

This was conveyed while attending the Indonesia-UK Business Forum in the Picture Gallery, St James's Palace, England whose implementation is coordinated by the UK Trade and Investment, UK-ASEAN Business Council, the Ministry of Trade and Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM). "As Prime Minister Cameron's visit to Indonesia a few months ago, we were happy because there are some of the UK's leading CEOs who attended, and we now feel happy that some of the CEOs of the leading companies in Indonesia also in attendance," said Yudhoyono, as quoted from Setkab official website on Sunday (04/11/2012)[42].

                   

                    The President also said total trade volume between Indonesia and the UK increased by approximately USD0, 23 billion from $ 2, 63 billion in 2010 to $ 2, 89 billion in 2011. SBY had hoped in 2015, trading volume can be doubled. He explained that Indonesia's economic growth based on the sustainability of domestic investment and foreign investment, higher domestic consumption supported by the role of government who never tired of giving a stimulant to economic activity. It is also supported by domestic political conditions conducive for the implementation of the reform agenda in various fields successful. For your information, before leaving for Vientiane, Laos, the President will hold a press conference on the results delivary state visit to Britain[43].

III.1.3 General impact on relations between Indonesia and other countries in International

                 Based on the previous discussion, we can see that we had been tied with the other companies, because we have to have a relationship and good cooperation with negar-state. Since we do not live in spite of the existence of these countries. But one thing to look at is when we continue to be exploited foreign companies in the country of Indonesia. The increasing numbe

r of foreign companies will increasingly create national company itself is not considered by the people of Indonesia. This would harm the country of Indonesia itself, of course. Foreign companies are indeed contributed to the increase in foreign exchange, but the record is that the nature of capitalism that they have done,  will have great impact on imperialism in Indonesia. Conscious or not, our country is being colonized again by many companies. This I say because mental dependency and causing high  nationalism of soul and appreciate the products in their own country to collapse.

                 Indonesian society in the era of globalization, it is popular as consumer goods outside the highly consumptive. Because apart from the presence of foreign businessmen who had a major impact in Indonesia, soft influence made ​​by other countries such as the culture of other countries are very interesting as Korean and Japan, as well as the west, quickly spread to Indonesia. Indonesia's state does not have a sense of pride aka n homeland earlier was quickly figure out how to obtain the products in accordance with these other cultures. Back again that our country is a victim of the expansion of modern imperialism in other countries[44].

                 Not to mention the role of government is not strict enough and have a big impact upon the facts that our country is being overrun by massive economies of other countries in the field today.

                 The impact to the world is the international view that indonesian has great potential to be a market where that products easy enough to be marketed and certainly profited very much. Indonesia became the object of sale materials on their products. Fortunately for them, fortunately for us too, but the percentage of profits that much different. It also can be seen in some areas of Indonesia which was inhabited by foreigners, such as Chinese, India, Malaysia, and many more.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION

IV.1 Conclusion

                        Based on the above description and explanation beforehand, then I can conclude that Indonesia still can not get away from dependence on any foreign companies in the country of Indonesia. This resulted in the foreign getting easier to exploit in the country of Indonesia. Start of openness to foreign companies in the reign of Abdurrahman Wahid, privatization of state-owned enterprises in the Megawati administration, and high openness to foreigners during the reign of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. With these policies make foreign companies growing rapidly in Indonesia. That is why today we see many companies of China, Singapore, Japan, Europe, and America operating in Indonesia. Globalization that continues to make Indonesia could not resist the arrival of other nations in Indonesia, and his feedback is the consumptive nature of Indonesian society itself.
Make a huge positive impact the state failed to take any real negative impact is also great.

                        Conscious or not that our country is being invaded and affected the process of imperialism by those nations. This I say because I see that we can not escape the influence of their very large in our country. Dependency and attachment to their products to make us forget that we have the product in their own country. Spirit of nationalism that has been lost and we succeeded in its domination by the other countries. Imperialism modern time also managed to conquer Indonesia in the era of reform because they managed to make a submission and the Indonesian government to open the door very wide for coming from other nations in Indonesia.

. 4.2 Suggestion    

                   Based on the description and explanation before the above, I give you some suggestions as follows.

4.2.1 For the government

·         Selective on the company - foreign company that will perform the operation in Indonesia

·         Transparency should be scrutinized with what the negative impact of the presence of foreign companies later. For example, by accepting the foreign manufacturing plants resulting in the destruction of nature, and so on.

·         Continued attention to the original company in the country because the country is also a great asset there

·         Improving the provision of business in Indonesia, it is very important because ssalah the factors that make our dependence on other countries is because of the lack of quality of the companies in their own country.

·         Restrictions quota of foreign companies in Indonesia, it is important to open up opportunities for Indonesian companies attract customers and sell their products.

4.2.2 For the community

·       Communities are required to value their own domestic products and less consumptive.

·      Communities should also be critical of the presence of foreign companies in Indonesia. This is so that they are not selective dependency, because when our dependence on foreign products, we are being taken advantage of foreign nations as a source of their revenues

·      People Indonesia need to improve in order to prepare a good stock for the creation of the original companies are also able to have a highly competitive and able to compensate foreign companies. That way, the dependency will be lost and every community will respect products in their own country.

REFERENCES.

            Aldoranuray.2012. fisip.uns.ac.id. Dimasa Habibie. Diakses pada Sabtu, 8 Desember 2012. Pukul 21:34

            Akbar Yuloh , Teriana.Sambelalab.wordpress.com. Pemerintah Megawati privatisasi BUMN ke tangan Asing. Diakses pada Sabtu, 8 Desember 2012. Pukul 20:12

            Budiman , Arief. 2000. Teori Pembangunan Dunia Ketiga. Ekonomi Politik. Jakarta:PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama.Hlm 32-33

            Economy.okezone.com. SBY buka pintu Investor Asing. Diakses pada Minggu, 9 Desember 2012. Pukul 09:12

            Enka, Geni. 2010. Ekonomi Indonesia di Era Reformasi. Kebijakan perekonomian Indonesia. Hlm.23

            F, Indah. Carapedia.com. Pengaruh Globalisasi pada Perkembangan Ekonomi Indonesia. Diakses Minggu, 2 Desember 2012.Pukul 07.23

            Heywood , Andrew. 2007.  Politics. Power of “face”. Palgrave:Macmillan. Hlm.11

            Hiara , Anne. Kedatangan bangsa barat ke Indonesia. Rempah-rempah mahal di Indonesia. Hlm10-11

            Ibrahim , Anwa.2010. Reformasi Ekonomi. Arab Harus Belajar Reformasi dari Indonesia. Halm 14-15

            Lenin , V. 1916.Imperialisme, Tahapan Tertinggi Kapitalisme. Imperialisme sebagai sebuah tahapan khusus dari Kapitalisme. Hlm 144-145

            Mulyanto, Dede.2010.  Kapitalisme Perspektif Sosio-Historis. Imperialisme dan Ekspor Kapital.Bandung:Ultimus.Hlm105

            Nasution , DR. A.H. Sekitar Perang Kemerdekaan Jilid 1. Bandung:Penerbit Angkasa, 1977. Hlm 84

                Nurmayant. industri.kontan.ac.id. Lima Perusahaan Elektronik Sumbang Investasi Terbesar. Diakses pada Sabtu, 8 Desember 2012. Pukul 20:12

            Nuruddin. nurudin.staff.umm.ac.id/. Teori  Imperialisme. Diakses pada Minggu, 9 Desember 2012, pukul 20:20

            Ozkirimli , Umud. 2011. Theories of Nationalism. Nationalism. Hlm.20

                Perpus Gunadharma. Indopedia.gunadarma.ac.id. Kolonialisme dan Imperialisme Barat di Indonesia. Diakses pada Sabtu, 8 Desember 2012. Pukul 20:12.

            Ronald,  Nangoi. 2004. Pemberdayaan di era Ekonomi Pengetahuan.  Tentang Monopoli. Jakarta:PT.Grasindo. Hlm 34

            Ryan , Dede.  http://www.scribd.com. Teori Globalisasi.Diakses pada Minggu 2 Desember 2012. Pukul 08.46

            Ranuwihardjo, Dahlan. 2010. Nasionalisme Indonesia .Tantangan dan reaktualisasi. Jakarta:PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Hlm 24

            Safrida. Jurnal Ekonomi. Penjajahan yang bernama Kontrak Karya.Hlm 34-35

            Septian , Budi. 2011. Dibalik Pemerintahan SBY. Kebijakan terhadap Pihak Asing. Hlm 4-5

            Seviati , Ana. Perusahaan Asing di Indonesia. Keuntungan terbesar dari Investor Asing. Hlm 10

            Setiadji , Bintang. Bintang-ogie.blogspot.com.Swasta BUMS. Diakses pada Sabtu, 8 Desember 2012. Pukul 22:12

            Sirait , Rudini. Ekonomi.kompasiana.com.Memunculkan isu Penguasaan Perkebunan. Diakses pada Minggu 8 Desember 2012.pukul 10:12

            Sprague ,Ted. www.militanindonesia.org.Apa itu imperialisme dan bagaimana melawannya. Diakses pada Minggu, 9 Desember 2012. Pukul 12:32

            UI, FIB. Kampusmaya.orag. Libelarisme dan Komunisme. Diakses pada Minggu 9 Desember 2012. Pukul 09:20

            Yuliatun , Lena. wartawarga.gunadarma.Nasionalisme.Diakses pada Senin 10 Desember 2012. Pukul 08:12

           

           

           

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[1] Geni Enka. Ekonomi Indonesia di Era Reformasi. Kebijakan perekonomian Indonesia. Hlm.23

[2] Geni Enka. Ekonomi Indonesia di Era Reformasi. Kebijakan perekonomian Indonesia. Hlm.24

[3] Ted Sprague.www.militanindonesia.org.Apa itu imperialisme dan bagaimana melawannya. Diakses pada Minggu, 9 Desember 2012. Pukul 12:32

[4] ibid

[5] Ibid

[6] FIB UI. Kampusmaya.orag. Libelarisme dan Komunisme. Diakses pada Minggu 9 Desember 2012. Pukul 09:20

[7] ibid                         

[8] Safrida. Jurnal Ekonomi. Penjajahan yang bernama Kontrak Karya.Hlm 34-35

[9] Dede Mulyanto.2010.  Kapitalisme Perspektif Sosio-Historis. Imperialisme dan Ekspor Kapital.Bandung:Ultimus.Hlm105

[10] Nuruddin. nurudin.staff.umm.ac.id/. Teori  Imperialisme. Diakses pada Minggu, 9 Desember 2012, pukul 20:20

[11] Perpus Gunadharma. Indopedia.gunadarma.ac.id. Kolonialisme dan Imperialisme Barat di Indonesia. Diakses pada Sabtu, 8 Desember 2012. Pukul 20:12.

[12] V.Lenin.1916.Imperialisme, Tahapan Tertinggi Kapitalisme. Imperialisme sebagai sebuah tahapan khusus dari Kapitalisme. Hlm 144-145

[13] ibid

[14] Ronald Nangoi.2004. Pemberdayaan di era Ekonomi Pengetahuan.  Tentang Monopoli. Jakarta:PT.Grasindo. Hlm 34

[15] Anwa Ibrahim. Reformasi Ekonomi. Arab Harus Belajar Reformasi dari Indonesia. Halm 14-15

[16] Ibid.

[17] Andrew Heywood. 2007.  Politics. Power of “face”. Palgrave:Macmillan. Hlm.11

[18] Indah F. Carapedia.com. Pengaruh Globalisasi pada Perkembangan Ekonomi Indonesia. Diakses Minggu, 2 Desember 2012.Pukul 07.23

[19]Dede Ryan.  http://www.scribd.com. Teori Globalisasi.Diakses pada Minggu 2 Desember 2012. Pukul 08.46

[20] ibid

[21] Umud Ozkirimli. 2011. Theories of Nationalism. Nationalism. Hlm.28

[22] Dahlan Ranuwihardjo. 2010. Nasionalisme Indonesia .Tantangan dan reaktualisasi. Jakarta:PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Hlm 24

[23] ibid

[24] Lena Yuliatun. wartawarga.gunadarma.Nasionalisme.Diakses pada Senin 10 Desember 2012. Pukul 08:12

[25] ibid

[26] ibid

[27] Anne Hiara. Kedatangan bangsa barat ke Indonesia. Rempah-rempah mahal di Indonesia. Hlm10-11

[28] DR. A.H Nasution. Sekitar Perang Kemerdekaan Jilid 1. Bandung:Penerbit Angkasa, 1977. Hlm 84

[29] Bintang Setiadji. Bintang-ogie.blogspot.com.Swasta BUMS. Diakses pada Sabtu, 8 Desember 2012. Pukul 22:12

[30] Rudini Sirait. Ekonomi.kompasiana.com.Memunculkan isu Penguasaan Perkebunan. Diakses pada Minggu 8 Desember 2012.pukul 10:12

[31] Rudini Sirait. Ekonomi.kompasiana.com.Memunculkan isu Penguasaan Perkebunan. Diakses pada Minggu 8 Desember 2012.pukul 10:12

[32] Nurmayant.industri.kontan.ac.id. Lima Perusahaan Elektronik Sumbang Investasi Terbesar. Diakses pada Sabtu, 8 Desember 2012. Pukul 20:12

[33] Ana Seviati. Perusahaan Asing di Indonesia. Keuntungan terbesar dari Investor Asing. Hlm 10

[34] Arief Budiman. 2000. Teori Pembangunan Dunia Ketiga. Ekonomi Politik. Jakarta:PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama.Hlm 32-33

[35] Aldoranuray.2012. fisip.uns.ac.id. Dimasa Habibie. Diakses pada Sabtu, 8 Desember 2012. Pukul 21:34

[36] Aldoranuray.2012. fisip.uns.ac.id. Dimasa Habibie. Diakses pada Sabtu, 8 Desember 2012. Pukul 21:34

[37] ibid

[38] ibid

[39] Teriana Akbar Yuloh.Sambelalab.wordpress.com. Pemerintah Megawati privatisasi BUMN ke tangan Asing. Diakses pada Sabtu, 8 Desember 2012. Pukul 20:12

[40] Ibid.

[41] Budi Septian.Dibalik Pemerintahan SBY. Kebijakan terhadap Pihak Asing. Hlm 4-5

[42] Economy.okezone.com. SBY buka pintu Investor Asing. Diakses pada Minggu, 9 Desember 2012. Pukul 09:12

[43] Ibid.

[44] Arief Budiman. 2000. Teori Pembangunan Dunia Ketiga. Jakarta:PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Hlm 34